The ongoing truck ingress/egress research at UMTRI has produced a number of publications. Much more data analysis is underway, so check back frequently or contact us for more information.
Reed, M.P., Hoffman, S.G., and Ebert-Hamilton, S.M. (2010). The influence of heavy truck egress tactics on ground reaction force. Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Fall Prevention and Protection. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV.
Reed, M.P., Hoffman, S.G., and Ebert-Hamilton, S.M. (2010). Modeling foot trajectories for heavy truck ingress simulation. Proceedings of the Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference, Miami, FL.
Reed, M.P., Hoffman, S.G., and Ebert-Hamilton, S.M. (2010). Hand positions and forces during truck ingress. Proceedings of the 2010 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. HFES, Santa Monica, CA.
The following bibliography lists publications addressing ingress/egress generally, including studies and design guidance related to passenger and off-highway vehicles. If you know of publications that should be included here, please contact us.
Andreoni, G., Rabufetti, M, and Pedott, A. (2004). Kinematics of head-truck movements while entering and exiting a car. Ergonomics 47(3): 343-359.
Bobick, T.G., Jensen, R.C., and Stanevich, R.L. (1991). Fall-from-vehicle injuries in the construction industry. In Karwowski and Yates, eds., Advances in Industrial Ergonomics and Safety,Taylor and Francis, London.
Bodenmiller, F.M., Hart, J.M., Bhise, V.D. (2002). Effect of vehicle body style on vehicle entry/exit performance and preferences of older and younger drivers. SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-0091. SAE International, Warrendale, PA.
Bureau of Labor Statistics (2006). National Employment Matrix, employment by occupation, industry, and percent distribution, 2004 and projected 2014. 53-3032 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer (occ_53-3032.pdf). Available at http://www.bls.gov/emp/empoils.htm.
Bureau of Labor Statistics (2005). Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses involving days away from work by occupation and selected events or exposures leading to injury or illness, 2004. Table R12, occupational category 53-3032, truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer. (ostb1522.pdf). Available at http://www.bls.gov/iif/.
Cotnam, J.P. and Fathallah, F.A. (1998). Landing forces resulting from existing tractors and trailers. SAE Technical Paper 982754. SAE International, Warrendale, PA.
de Leva, P. (1996). Adjustments to Zatsiorsky-Seluyanov’s segment inertia parameters. Journal of Biomechanics, 29(9): 1223-1230.
Dufour, F, and Wang, X. (2005). Discomfort assessment of car ingress/egress motions using the concept of neutral movement. SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-2706. SAE International, Warrendale, PA.
Fathallah, F.A. and Cotnam, J.P. (2000). Maximum forces sustained during various methods of exiting commercial tractors, trailers, and trucks. Applied Ergonomics 31: 25-33.
Fathallah, F.A., Grönqvist, R., and Cotnam, J.P. (2000). Estimated slip potential on icy surfaces during various methods of exiting commercial tractors, trailers, and trucks. Safety Science, 36:69-81.
Flannagan, C.A.C. and Schneider, L.W. (1997). Investigation of vehicle ingress and egress: correlating vehicle geometry to subject ratings. Final Report. University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI.
Flannagan, C.A.C., Manary, M.A., Schneider, L.W., and Reed, M.P. (1998). An Improved Seating Accommodation Model with Application to Different User Populations. Technical Paper 980651. SAE Transactions: Journal of Passenger Cars, Vol. 107.
Flannagan, C.A.C. and Schneider, L.W. (2001). Investigation of vehicle ingress and egress. Study 2: modeling accommodation. Report No. UMTRI-2001-42. University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI.
Flannagan, C.A.C. and Schneider, L.W. (2003). Investigation of vehicle ingress and egress: evaluating the third-age suit. Report No. UMTRI-2002-18. University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI.
Gavan, G.R., Strassel, D.P., and Johnson, D. (1980). The development of improved ingress/egress systems for large haulage trucks. SAE Technical Paper 800680. SAE International, Warrendale, PA.
Giguere, D. and Marchand, D. (2005). Perceived safety and biomechanical stress to the lower limbs when stepping down from fire fighting vehicles. Applied Ergonomics 36: 107-119.
Hurst, R., and Khalil, T. (1984). Entering and exiting elevated vehicles. Professional Safety 21-27.
Jahns, S.K., Reed, M.P., and Hardee, H.L. (2001). Methods for in-vehicle measurement of truck driver postures. SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-2821. Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA.
Jones, D. and Switzer-McIntyre, S. (2003). Falls from trucks: a descriptive study based on a workers compensation database. Work, 20:179-184.
Lin, L-J, and Cohen, H.H. (1997). Accidents in the trucking industry. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 20:287-300.
Loczi, J. (2000). Ergonomics program at Freightliner. SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-3402. SAE International, Warrendale, PA.
Manary, M.A., Flannagan, C.A.C., Reed, M.P., and Schneider, L.W. (1998). Development of an Improved Driver Eye Position Model. Technical Paper 980856. SAE Transactions: Journal of Passenger Cars, Vol. 107.
Moss, S. Wang, Z., Salloum, M., Reed, M., van Ratingen, M., Hoofman, M., Cesari, D., Scherer, R., Uchimura, T., and Beusenberg, M. (2000). Anthropometry for WorldSID: A world-harmonized midsize male side impact crash dummy. Technical Paper 2000-01-2202. SAE Transactions: Journal of Passenger Cars — Mechanical Systems, Vol. 109.
Park, W., Martin, B.J., Choe, S., Chaffin, D.B., and Reed, M.P. (2005). Representing and identifying alternative movement techniques for goal-directed manual tasks. Journal of Biomechanics, 38:519-527.Rasmussen, J. and Christensen, S.T. (2005). Musculoskeletal modeling of egress with the AnyBody modeling system. SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-2721. SAE International, Warrendale, PA.
Reed, M.P., Manary, M.A., and Schneider, L.W. (1999). Methods for measuring and representing automobile occupant posture. Technical Paper 990959. SAE Transactions: Journal of Passenger Cars, Vol. 108.
Reed, M.P., Manary, M.A., Flannagan, C.A.C., and Schneider, L.W. (2000a). The effects of vehicle interior geometry and anthropometric variables on automobile driving posture. Human Factors. 42 (4): 541-552
Reed, M.P., Lehto, M.M., and Schneider, L.W. (2000b). Methods for laboratory investigation of truck and bus driver postures. Technical Paper 2000-01-3405. SAE Transactions: Journal of Commercial Vehicles, Vol. 109.
Reed, M.P., Manary, M.A., Flannagan, C.A.C., and Schneider, L.W. (2002). A statistical method for predicting automobile driving posture. Human Factors. 44 (4): 557-568.
Reed, M.P. (2005). Development of a New Eyellipse and Seating Accommodation Model for Trucks and Buses. Technical Report UMTRI-2005-30. University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI.
Reed, M.P., Faraway, J., Chaffin, D.B., and Martin, B.J. (2006). The HUMOSIM ergonomics framework: a new approach to digital human simulation for ergonomic analysis. SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-2366. SAE International, Warrendale, PA.
Wagner, D.W., Reed, M.P., and Chaffin, D.B. (2005). Predicting foot positions for manual materials handling tasks. SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-2681. SAE Transactions: Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems, Vol. 114, 2872-2876.
Wagner, D.W., Reed, M.P., and Chaffin, D.B. (2006). A task-based stepping behavior model for digital human models. SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-2364. SAE International, Warrendale, PA.
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